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dopamine receptor, subtype 4 (DR4) [HGL]
The promoter of the dopamine receptor, subtype
4 (DR4), has a polymorphic insertion giving rise to a "short" and "long" form. Infants
having that the short DR4 polymorphism were less responsive to
stimuli and showed more distress during daily routines, traits
indicative of shyness and anxiety. These infants also possessed
the short copy of the 5-HTT gene which some studies have associated
with anxiety. See, entry for 5-HTT under Neuroticism. Auerbach
et al., Molecular Psychiatry, 4:369-373, July 1999. See,
also entry for DR4 under Openness (Novelty-Seeking).
serotonin transporter (5-HTT or SERT) [HGL]
A common 44-base pair polymorphism in the promoter
of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is associated with affective
illness and anxiety disorders. The polymorphism has been
designated long (L) and short (S), depending on whether the insertion
is present or absent in the promoter region. See, entry for
5-HTT under Neuroticism. The S allele is less active than
the L allele. Infants having that the S allele were less
responsive to stimuli and showed more distress during daily routines,
traits indicative of shyness and anxiety. These infants also
possessed a polymorphism in the dopamine receptor. See entry
for DR4 under Extroversion. Auerbach et al., Molecular Psychiatry,
4:369-373, July 1999.
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